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Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD)

EOD can be defined as the detection, identification, on-site evaluation, rendering safe, recovery, and final disposal of unexploded explosive ordnance. It may also include explosive ordnance which has become hazardous by damage or deterioration and which is beyond the capabilities of personnel normally assigned the responsibility for routine disposal tasks.  EOD is further broken down into improvised explosive device disposal (IEDD), conventional munitions disposal (CMD) and biological and chemical munitions disposal (BCMD).

Our comprehensive training programmes cover all aspects of a maritime EOD incident from pre-incident planning, through threat analysis and incident management to render-safe procedures and post incident procedures.   Crucially, our courses are designed to train personnel in both permissive and non-permissive environments covering the full spectrum of IEDD, CMD and BCMD procedures.

Improvised Explosive Device Disposal (IEDD)

IEDD is effectively the detection, identification, field evaluation, rendering safe, recovery, and final disposal of IEDs.  Primary Solutions staff are exclusively trained and qualified at their respective NATO IED military centres of excellence and all have a minimum of ten years

operational experience in both low and high-threat IED environments including Iraq, Afghanistan, Colombia and Northern Ireland. 

Assault IEDD

In addition to low and high threat IEDD techniques in permissive environments, Primary Solutions Ltd offers specialist assault IEDD training to experienced operators involved in aviation, land-based and maritime interdiction operations in non-permissive (hostage rescue type) situations.

In the case of maritime targets, insertion will often be by helicopter or underway vessels - usually rapid assault craft.  It differs from generic IEDD in that the overriding aim of the IEDD operator is to maintain the momentum of the assault in a hostile (non-permissive) environment by facilitating the assaulters reaching their objective safely, rapidly and with minimum risk of compromise.

The IEDD techniques taught include threat assessment, IED avoidance, breaching and rapid neutralisation techniques as well as stealthy render-safe techniques used during covert approaches.

Additional IEDD related services & training:

• In addition to generic IEDD training for permissive and non-permissive environments, Primary Solutions Ltd provides a number of additional specialist IED related services and training including:


• IED Awareness for the Close Protection Officer
• Counter IED Operations Planner
• Countering Suicide Bombers
• IED threat assessments
• Counter IED intelligence systems
• Counter IED audits and review of existing IEDD procedures
• Review and trials of IEDD equipment
• IED awareness for first responders
• IEDD equipment training
• Counter Terrorist Search


• Post IED Incident Procedure - Technical and Forensic Investigation (includes  
• technical and forensic investigation into weapons, explosive and munitions incidents.)

Conventional Munitions Disposal

CMD includes the detection, identification, field evaluation, rendering safe, recovery and final disposal of unexploded ordnance, except improvised explosive devices biological, chemical and nuclear weapons. It may also include the rendering safe, and/or disposal of explosive ordnance, (except improvised explosive devices, biological, chemical and nuclear weapons) which has become hazardous by damage or deterioration.  Primary Solutions Ltd is able to train and provide highly skilled personnel to conduct complex CMD projects in both conflict-zones and non-hazardous commercial environments.

Additional CMD related services & training:

In addition to generic CMD training, Primary Solutions Ltd provides a number of additional specialist CMD related services and training including:

• Designing and managing UXO remediation programmes.
• UXO surveys (including desktop and geophysical surveys).
• Battlefield Area Clearance
• Underwater explosive ordnance clearance

Biological & Chemical Munitions Disposal

BCMD is an EOD operation which incorporates the detection, identification, field evaluation, rendering safe, recovery and final disposal of any munition, the filler of which is primarily a biological or chemical agent.  Primary Solutions Ltd is able to provide highly trained EOD operators skilled in decontamination and specialist render safe techniques to assist and train emergency services, local government and other agencies in dealing with BCMD incidents.